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Hard Tissue Replacement (HTR) is a synthetic polymer, which has been used as a substitute material clinically in case of bone defects, alveolar ridge augmentation and alveolar ridge maintenance. This experimental study was designed for evaluation of implanted HTR's biocompatibility to the host bone. HTR was implanted in the parietal bones and femurs of twenty-two rabbits. At an every interval of 4 days, 1 week 2, 4 and 8 weeks, four rabbits were killed, and the parietal bone and femurs where HTR had been implanted were decalcified for histological examination and transmitted to electron microscopy. At 4 days after implantation, a thin granular membranous structure surrounded HTR implant. A few inflammatory cells were intermingled with macrophages. An organizing hematoma lay on the inner surface of bone defect. At one week to 2 weeks, the capsule became a granulation tissue characterized by admixture of macrophages, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. At 4 weeks to 8 weeks after implantation, the capsule turned out to be a scar tissue composed of abundant collagens with few cellular components. The results suggested that HTR was compatible with host bone tissue, although minimal inflammatory reaction and thin fibrous capsule formation around HTR were present.
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